In 2022, the world’s coal output expanded by 8.2% as coal prices remained at a high level, caused by supply disruptions from the war in Ukraine.

Asian coal-producing countries, which account for more than 70% of global coal output, increased their production by 11% in 2022, with +10% in China, +14% in India, and +12% in Indonesia. Australia’s coal output, affected by excessive rains and floods, increased marginally (+0.8%). Europe’s coal production increased by 4.8% in 2022, owing to steep gas prices, with +11% in Türkiye, +3.5% in Germany, and +12% in Czechia. Output remained flat in the CIS (+0.3%, including + 0.4% in Russia), as Russian exports were affected by Western sanctions, and grew moderately in North America (+2.3%, including +3% in the US). China remained the world’s largest coal and lignite producer in 2022, accounting more than for half of supply (51% in 2022) and its share is growing (+4% points since 2019), followed by India (11%) and Indonesia (8%).