Average CO2 emission factor

The global carbon factor is still in 2024 close to its 2010 level, further away from the 2°C pathway.

The global carbon factor (CO₂ emissions/primary energy consumption) remained flat in 2024 (only -1%). It has almost not decreased since 2010 (-5%), since fossil fuels still cover most of the global energy mix. This trend remains insufficient to reach the 2°C pathway that would require a much faster reduction (over 3%/year).
In 2024, the carbon factor decreased in the largest energy consumers, namely China (-1%), the USA (-1%), Europe (-3%), Brazil (-2%), and South Korea (-5%). However, it only dipped by less than 1% in Russia, Japan, and Canada and remained broadly stable in India, Australia and Saudi Arabia. It even increased in some coal-intensive countries such as Indonesia (+2%) or South Africa (+5%), and in Mexico (+2%).