Average CO2 emission factor

The global carbon factor remained stable in 2023 (-0.5%), further away from the 2°C pathway.

The global carbon factor remains broadly stable, declining by only 0.5% in 2023 (only -1.8% since 2010), further away from the 2°C pathway that would require a much faster reduction (over 3%/year).
In 2023, the carbon factor increased in India (by nearly 2%/year since 2010), in Australia (+0.9%) and Mexico (+2%) and stagnated in Brazil and in Russia.
In the EU and the US, lower energy consumption, falling coal-fired power generation and rising renewable power generation (including higher hydropower and nuclear production in Europe) contributed to cutting the carbon factor (-4.2% and -1.9%, respectively). The carbon factor also decreased in Japan and South Korea (-3.6% and -1.4%, respectively, over higher renewable and nuclear production), in China (-1.3%, faster than in recent years), in the Middle East (-3%) and in Africa (-2.4%).