In 2023, the growth in coal production slowed down (+2.2%) over lower coal demand and declining prices, though remaining much faster than over the 2010-2019 period.

Though slowing down from 2022 rapid growth, coal production in Asia (74% of the global output) continued to increase at a steady pace (+5.5%), much faster than over the 2010-2019 period. Coal production rose by 3.3% in China (52% of the world’s total output), by 11% in India and by 13% in Indonesia, spurred by the demand from industry and the power sector in China and India (lower hydropower availability) and by exports markets for Indonesia (mainly to China and India).
The lower demand for coal reduced production in the US (-2.1%) and in Europe (-19%, with 22% falls in Germany and the UK, a 31% fall in Türkiye and a 18% drop in Poland). Coal production also dipped by 1% in Russia and South Africa, which remains plagued by coal supply issues.